As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
So it relationships is specially good into the Shenzhen
Overall, and supportive proof of an excellent dyadic change, particularly in Shenzhen, we and discover supporting facts having industry replace, since the migrants are more likely to marry an area companion (i.e., to make hukou intermarriage) since their training develops. The results suggest a high probability of hukou area-training replace having low-college-experienced migrants during the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but a comparable probability of hukou area-education change in these a few metropolitan areas for college-educated migrants, which helps Hypothesis step 3 the down likelihood of hukou locality-studies replace inside Shanghai, than the Shenzhen, keeps for non-college-educated migrants yet not getting college-knowledgeable migrants.
Predicated on Design 5 of Dining table 2 and Shape 2 , local spouses’ degree is ilmainen valentime koodi not for the their diary-likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage, and therefore dating doesn’t differ among them cities
To date, i’ve sensed only intermarriage ranging from neighbors and you may migrants, in place of pinpointing anywhere between two hukou models. Inside our shot, locals was mainly metropolitan hukou people while migrants mostly keep rural hukou in both locations. Particularly, for the Shanghai, throughout the 85% off natives but only about 20% off migrants keeps urban hukou. Within the Shenzhen, all of the neighbors keep urban hukou, however, only about thirty-five% off migrants was metropolitan hukou holders. Brand new clinical huge difference of hukou variety of ranging from neighbors and you will migrants indicates a likelihood of hukou type of replace within this inter-hukou-locality ine if hukou method of has an effect on all of our performance.
Very first, we have a look at brand new distribution regarding hukou style of certainly intermarriages of hukou locality. Since the revealed inside Shape A1, more 50 % of the latest lovers in which several spouses differ inside hukou area means homogamy in terms of hukou types of. This will be in keeping with prior findings that Chinese age hukou particular (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). Good gender asymmetric pattern away from hukou interong partners connected with an excellent migrant husband and you will a neighborhood wife, simply 11% is rural-husband-urban-wife couples whereas 86% try metropolitan-husband-urban-wife lovers. In contrast, among people where husband are a good Shanghai local citizen and the partner try an effective migrant, 45% is urban-husband-rural-spouse partners. Put simply, whenever female with Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they have a tendency to help you get married urban migrants, whereas dudes which have Shanghai hukou exactly who get married migrant female will wed rural migrants. In the Shenzhen, so it gender trend try quicker noticable: 26% away from migrant-husband-local-wife people has actually an urban partner and you will an outlying husband, while 12% out of local-husband-migrant-spouse partners include a metropolitan partner and a rural spouse. These types of results suggest that during the Shanghai wedding industry, each other hukou locality and you may hukou form of design intermarriage activities, but in Shenzhen hukou type of appears shorter extremely important. It next aids our findings on the hukou hindrance being stronger in Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>